Aeroponic-one of the forms of soilless culture technology
The technology of aeroponic is also called spray cultivation and aerosol culture. It is the best way to solve the contradiction between root and water in all soilless culture techniques, and it is also easy to control automatically and enter solid cultivation, so as to improve the utilization ratio of greenhouse space.
Facility structure
Planting trough
The planting trough of spray culture can be made of rigid plastic board, foam plastic board, wood board or cement concrete, and the shape can be varied. The shape and size of the planting trough should consider that after the root system of the plant extends into the trough, the sprinkler installed in the trough should have enough space to spray the nutrient solution evenly to the root system of each plant. Therefore, the planting trough should not be too narrow to spray the fog nutrient solution, but it should not be too wide, otherwise the sprinkler can not spray the nutrient solution to all the roots.
1.Liquid supply system
1.Liquid storage tank: larger spray culture can be made of cement brick into larger volume nutrient tank, and smaller scale can be replaced by large plastic bucket or plastic box. The volume of the liquid storage tank should ensure that the water pump has a certain liquid supply time, so that the nutrient solution in the tank will not be drained quickly. If conditions permit, the volume of the liquid storage tank can be larger, but it is better to ensure the water consumption of the plant for 1-2 days
2.Water pump: the power of water pump should be determined by comprehensive consideration of planting area, pipeline layout, selected nozzle and required working pressure. Generally, the pump power of 667m Dapeng is about 1000-1500w.
3.Pipes: plastic pipes should be used in pipelines. The size of pipelines at all levels should be determined according to the working pressure of sprinklers on the sprayed devices.
4.Filter: the nozzle may be blocked due to some magazines contained in water or raw materials for nutrient solution. Therefore, it is necessary to select the filter with good filtering effect.
5.Sprinkler: sprinkler can be selected according to the different forms of spray culture and the location of sprinkler installation. Some sprinklers have flat fan-shaped spray surfaces, but some do spray comprehensively. The selection of nozzle should be based on the principle that the nutrient solution can be sprayed to all roots in the facility and the droplets are relatively small.
6.Ultrasonic aerosol machine: using the ultrasonic generated by the ultrasonic generating device to atomize the nutrient solution into the mist flow of small droplets and cover the root growth range, replacing the above liquid supply system. Ultrasonic atomization of nutrient solution is helpful to kill the pathogens that may exist in the nutrient solution, which is beneficial to the growth of crops. Due to the limited power of the built-in blower in the ultrasonic aerosol machine, the planting bed should not be too long, generally no more than 8m.
2.Key points of cultivation management
Colonization
The method of spray culture was similar to that of deep water culture. However, if the planting plate is inclined, it is not possible to fix the plant with small gravel. A small amount of rock wool fiber or polyurethane fiber or sponge block should be used to wrap the root neck of the seedling, and then put it into the planting cup, and then put the cup into the planting hole in the planting plate. The seedlings wrapped with rock wool, polyurethane fiber or sponge can also be directly inserted into the planting hole. The amount of rock wool, polyurethane or sponge wrapped in the seedlings should be suitable for the seedlings to fall off after being inserted into the planting hole, and should not be packed too tightly to prevent affecting the growth of crops.
Nutrient solution management
The concentration of nutrient solution in spray culture is higher than that in other hydroponic culture, generally higher than 20-30%. This is mainly because the nutrient solution is supplied in the form of spray. The nutrient solution attached to the root surface is only a thin layer of water film, so the total amount is less. In order to prevent the plant from absorbing enough nutrients when it stops liquid supply, it is necessary to raise the concentration of nutrient solution slightly. If it's semi fog, it's not necessary.
Advantages and disadvantages of fog culture
Advantage:
1.It can solve the problem of oxygen supply in root system, and hardly cause the phenomenon of poor growth due to lack of oxygen in root system.
2.Nutrient and water use efficiency is high, nutrient supply is fast and effective.
3.It can make full use of the space in the greenhouse and improve the planting quantity and yield per unit area. The utilization rate of greenhouse space is 2-3 times higher than that of traditional plane cultivation.
4.It is easy to realize the automation of cultivation management.
Disadvantages:
1.The investment in production equipment is large, and the reliability of the equipment is high. Otherwise, it will cause problems such as blockage of nozzle, uneven spray and excessive fog.
2.In the process of planting, the concentration and composition of nutrient solution are easy to change greatly, so the management technology is required to be higher.
3.In the short time power failure, the spray device can not operate, it is easy to cause damage to plants.
4.As a closed system, if not properly controlled, root diseases are easy to spread.
Comments