Hole tray seedling raising facilities

In addition to the most basic greenhouse, hole tray seedling raising facilities are mainly composed of matrix crushing mixer, planter, germination chamber, mobile sprinkler, etc.

 

1. Matrix crushing mixer and planter

 The matrix crushing mixer and planter are used to realize the precision sowing for the hole plate. They can complete tens of millions of sowing work in the centralized sowing season. At the same time, they rely on mechanized operation to improve the sowing accuracy and reduce the waste of seeds and other materials.

The function of the mixer is to mix and stir the substrate. It is one of the necessary equipment for large-scale seedling farm. Compared with manual mixing, the mixer can make the mixing of different in the matrix more uniform, and has a higher mixing speed, so as to meet the needs of seeder production for the matrix. Common mixers are distinguished by volume, which is 0.2m ³,0.5m ³,1.0m ³ Various specifications are available.

The planter is used as a complete set of production line, which generally includes five operation units: hole tray filling, hole flushing, sowing, soil covering and watering, which are connected into a linkage production line. The work of the planter starts from the filling of the cavity tray. The filling machine evenly fills the matrix in the cavity tray, and then passes through the hole punch to compact the matrix and form a concave sunken surface. After punching the hole, the seed is put into the corresponding hole position by the seeder as required, and then covered with a thin layer of matrix on the seed surface through soil covering and watering.

At present, air suction planters are mostly used in seedling farms, which are divided into drum type and needle type. The maximum running speed of needle seeder is slightly slower than that of drum seeder, but it can realize the sowing of small seeds. The roller planter has high sowing speed, up to 160000 seeds / hour, but the accuracy is slightly lower when sowing small seeds. In addition to large planter production lines, there are also many small or hand-held planters, which are suitable for small seedling breeders. When working, the operator holds the sowing rod to absorb the seeds, and then puts the whole row into the hole plate. The operation is simple but the speed is slow.

2. Sprouting facilities

1) Budding room budding room is a room similar to cold storage. The area of a single room is generally small, and the volume is generally 50-200m ³ Radiator, air conditioner, humidification nozzle or ultrasonic humidifier are equipped to regulate the indoor temperature and humidity environment.

The germination chamber is made of materials with good thermal insulation performance. In order to prolong the service life of building materials under high humidity conditions, sandwich steel plates coated with anti-corrosion coating are generally used. Different sandwich materials can be selected by comprehensive consideration due to differences in thermal insulation performance and price. The thermal conductivity of several typical sandwich materials is shown in the table below. The greater the thermal conductivity, the worse the thermal insulation capacity. Among several types of common thermal insulation materials, polyurethane has the lowest thermal conductivity, that is, it has the strongest thermal insulation ability. At the same time, polyurethane has strong waterproof and moisture-proof performance, which is suitable for the high humidity conditions of germination chamber. Therefore, from the perspective of technology and performance, polyurethane is the most suitable thermal insulation material for germination chamber.

Material name	Thermal conductivity (w / m · degree)	Other properties
Mineral wool, rock wool, glass wool	0.047	Good fire resistance and strong moisture absorption
polystyrene	0.042	Low water absorption and weak fire resistance
polyurethane	0.033
Expanded perlite and products	0.062	Strong heat storage capacity and high water absorption
Calcium silicate thermal insulation products (calcium silicate board)	0.048	Good thermal stability, good fire resistance, high strength and water resistance

Controlling indoor temperature and humidity is the goal of germination room equipment. Water cooled air conditioner and fan coil unit can be used for temperature regulation. It is used for heating in winter and cooling in summer. It can also be used for water heating. The temperature can be supplemented through the uniform arrangement of radiators, but the air conditioner is still needed for cooling in summer. Humidity control usually adopts atomizing nozzle or humidifier humidification. When the relative humidity decreases to the specified value, the equipment will be turned on until the indoor air humidity is close to saturation.

In order to make the air environment in the sprouting room evenly distributed, it is necessary to configure a built-in circulating fan to enhance the internal ventilation and circulation capacity; If the germination chamber needs to germinate the seeds requiring light, it also needs to be equipped with a fill light. The germination chamber has a small space and is sensitive to temperature. It is easy to be affected by light and heat source to increase the temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to select cold light source as lighting equipment. If possible, it is better to use LED light source.

The regulation accuracy of temperature and humidity in the sprouting room is required to be high. Generally, the upper and lower temperature deviation should not exceed 2 ℃ and the relative humidity deviation should not exceed 10%. It is unrealistic to frequently control the opening or closing of equipment manually. Therefore, most industrialized sprouting rooms adopt automatic control systems to collect indoor temperature and humidity signals through sensors and transmit them to the controller, The controller sends opening and closing instructions to corresponding equipment.

2) Germination box germination box is an artificial climate box. Through similar environmental regulation equipment, the conditions in the box can meet the requirements of seed germination, but the volume is much smaller than the germination chamber, generally 1m ³ After a while, the environmental regulation will be more accurate and more suitable for laboratory use.

3) When the simple sprouting shed is limited by investment conditions, simple sprouting facilities can also be used. The double-layer brick wall structure with thermal insulation layer in the middle or the shed covered with double-layer plastic film can be used to seal the door. Such budding facilities are mainly used to maintain humidity. When used in cold areas, necessary heating equipment such as hot blast stove need to be added. In the north, the sprouting room or simple sprouting facilities can be built inside the greenhouse to reduce the heating load in winter.

3. Mobile sprinkler

After emergence, seedlings should grow in greenhouse facilities from seed seedling stage to refining seedling stage. At this stage, accurate and uniform irrigation is very important. In order to ensure uniform watering, accurate water quantity and save labor cost, different forms of mobile sprinkler are generally used.

Mobile sprinkler irrigation machine is a product from developed horticultural countries. The main machine and water supply pipe are suspended on the steel structures such as beams inside the greenhouse, and equipped with a mobile track made of steel pipes. A row of nozzles are installed on the sprinkler pipe of the main machine. When working, the sprinkler moves forward on the track, drives the sprinkler pipe and nozzle to move, and evenly sprinkles fertilizer water or clean water in the hole plate. The sprinkler irrigation machine has low water pressure and soft spraying, which can avoid washing out the seeds or matrix.

4. Germination bed

The budding bed is a bed frame for placing the acupoint tray during budding. Appropriate specifications shall be selected according to the specifications of the acupoint tray and the space during budding. The germinating bed is generally of multi-layer structure, and 8-10 layers are the most common. 5-6 cavity plates can be placed on each layer, horizontally. In order to ensure sufficient air flow in each layer of cavity plate, the spacing between the two layers should be kept at about 15cm.

In order to facilitate storage and save space, the germination bed adopts removable combined mobile type, and the number of layers can be adjusted according to production needs, otherwise it will be too high for people to operate. When not in use, the germination bed can be separated and placed.

The layout of the sprouting bed in the sprouting room is related to whether the sprouting room can be fully utilized and whether the operation is convenient. When arranging the sprouting bed, what must be considered is to make full use of the space of the sprouting room and reserve the operation channel. In addition, it is also necessary to ensure that each bed does not affect or block each other.